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1.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 58(2): 206-211, 2020 04 13.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34101566

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There are well-recognized relationships between thyroid hormones, heart and peripheral vascular system. Thyroid hormones have relevant actions on the heart and circulation, generate multiple effects including hemodynamic changes and exert mediated effects on cardiac cells through gene expression. CLINICAL CASE: We present a 64-year-old woman with diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction, in whom coronary disease was thought of as the most probable etiology by clinical antecedents but in the evolution, other possible etiologies were to appear. CONCLUSIONS: Numerous complementary diagnostic studies were carried out, such as cinecoronariography, cardiac nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, laboratory analysis, to name a few, and it was concluded that the etiological cause was due to primary hypothyroidism.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Se reconoce la relación existente entre las hormonas tiroideas, el corazón y el sistema vascular periférico. Las hormonas tiroideas tienen relevantes acciones sobre el corazón y la circulación, y generan múltiples cambios, incluyendo alteraciones hemodinámicas y efectos mediados sobre las células cardiacas a través de la expresión génica. CASO CLÍNICO: Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 63 años con diagnóstico al ingreso de miocardiopatía dilatada con fracción de eyección reducida, en quien se pensó en enfermedad coronaria como primera causa, debido a sus antecedentes, pero en su evolución se fueron presentando otras posibles etiologías. CONCLUSIONES: Se realizaron numerosos estudios diagnósticos complementarios, como cinecoronariografía, resonancia magnética cardiaca y análisis de laboratorio, entre otros, y se llegó a la conclusión de que la causa fue hipotiroidismo primario.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Dilatada , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Hipotireoidismo , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hormônios Tireóideos
2.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 55(6): 792-795, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29190874

RESUMO

A 54-year-old man, ex smoker with high blood pressure and a history of possible Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was admitted for presenting an episode suggestive of acute coronary syndrome with immediate syncope and left bundle branch block, while performing physical activity. Angioplasty and a drug-eluting stent were performed in the left circumflex artery. Subsequently, Doppler echocardiography disclosed an image suggestive of a subaortic membrane. Given these findings, the patient underwent a 3D transesophageal echocardiogram and a magnetic resonance study, which confirmed the diagnosis of a subaortic membrane. In turn, in the Holter monitoring a paroxysmal pattern of Wolff-ParkinsonWhite was observed. The patient presented three possible causes of syncope. A stress echocardiogram elicited a gradient of 126 mm Hg, which could be possibly related to the syncopal episode that the patient suffered.


Paciente masculino de 54 años, ex fumador, hipertenso y con el antecedente no confirmado de síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White, que ingresó por haber presentado, mientras realizaba actividad física, un cuadro sugestivo de síndrome coronario agudo con inmediato episodio de síncope y bloqueo de rama izquierda, por lo que se le realizó una angiografía coronaria con posterior angioplastia y la colocación de un stent liberador de drogas en la arteria circunfleja. En el ecocardiograma Doppler se observó una imagen compatible con membrana subaórtica. Ante estos hallazgos se realizó un ecocardiograma transesofágico 3D y una resonancia magnética cardiaca que confirmaron el diagnóstico. A su vez se evidenció en el monitoreo Holter y de forma paroxística el patrón de Wolff-Parkinson-White. De esta manera, el paciente presentó tres posibles causas de síncope. Se realizó un ecocardiograma de esfuerzo, en el que el gradiente intraesfuerzo alcanzó los 126 mm Hg, lo que podría justificar el episodio del síncope.


Assuntos
Estenose Subaórtica Fixa/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
3.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 55(2): 247-251, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28296375

RESUMO

A 29-year-old man with a history of seizures, was admitted due to an episode of unconsciousness recovered and hypertension with renal disfunction. The electrocardiogram mimicked a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but, by Doppler echocardiography, this was discarded because it suggested endomyocardial fibrosis which was confirmed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with late enhancement. Since the episode of unconsciousness, brain imaging studies were performed showing vascular sequelae and microangiopathic lesions. These vascular lesions asocciated with renal disfunction with proteinuria within nephrotic range, intensified the search for the etiology arriving to the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. The patient was discharged with antihypertensive therapy, acenocoumarol, antiepileptic and immunosuppressive drugs.


Paciente masculino de 29 años con antecedentes de convulsiones que ingresa por episodio de pérdida de conocimiento recuperado e hipertensión arterial con deterioro de la función renal. El electrocardiograma simulaba una miocardiopatía hipertrófica que se descartó por ecocardiografía Doppler ya que sugirió una fibrosis endomiocárdica que se confirmó por resonancia magnética nuclear cardíaca con realce tardío. Dado el episodio de pérdida de conocimiento, se realizaron estudios de imágenes cerebrales que mostraban lesiones secuelares vasculares y microangiopáticas. Esto, sumado a la alteración de la función renal con proteinuria en rango nefrótico, intensificó la búsqueda de la causa etiológica y se llegó al diagnóstico de síndrome antifosfolipídico. El paciente fue dado de alta con tratamiento antihipertensivo, acenocumarol, anticonvulsivantes e inmunosupresores.


Assuntos
Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/diagnóstico , Fibrose Endomiocárdica/etiologia , Adulto , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Humanos , Masculino
5.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(8): 427-432, oct. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117344

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Evaluar si el tratamiento con levotiroxina mejora la capacidad funcional en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica clase funcional i-iii de la New York Heart Association e hipotiroidismo subclínico. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 163 pacientes ambulatorios con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica estable y con un mínimo de seguimiento de 6 meses. Se realizó un examen clínico y se solicitaron pruebas de laboratorio que incluyeron hormonas tiroideas, ecocardiograma con doppler, ventriculografía radioisotópica y un estudio Holter. La capacidad funcional se evaluó por medio de una caminata de 6min. Se detectaron los pacientes con hipotiroidismo subclínico que recibieron tratamiento sustitutivo y, una vez con valores normales de tirotropina (TSH), se les realizó una nueva caminata de 6min. Se registraron los metros recorridos en cada prueba y se analizó la diferencia de los metros caminados en cada paciente. RESULTADOS: Observamos una prevalencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico del 13% en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Mientras se encontraban hipotiroideos, los metros recorridos fueron de 292 ± 63, y una vez alcanzados valores normales de TSH, de 350 ± 76. La diferencia en metros fue de 58 ± 11 (p < 0,011). Los pacientes con valores normales de TSH no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las 2 pruebas. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica e hipotiroidismo subclínico, una vez eutiroideos, mejoraron de forma significativa su rendimiento físico


AIM: To assess whether levothyroxine treatment improves functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association class i-iii) and subclinical hypothyroidism. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-three outpatients with stable chronic heart failure followed up for at least 6 months were enrolled. A physical examination was performed, and laboratory tests including thyroid hormone levels, Doppler echocardiogram, radionuclide ventriculography, and Holter monitoring were requested. Functional capacity was assessed by of the 6-min walk test. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were detected and, after undergoing the s6-min walk test, were given replacement therapy. When they reached normal thyrotropin (TSH) levels, the 6-min walk test was performed again. The distance walked in both tests was recorded, and the difference in meters covered by each patient was analyzed. RESULTS: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with heart failure was 13%. These patients walked 292 ± 63 m while they were hypothyroid and 350 ± 76m when TSH levels returned to normal, a difference of 58 ± 11 m (P < .011). Patients with normal baseline TSH levels showed no significant difference between the 2 6-min walk tests. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic heart failure and subclinical hypothyroidism significantly improved their physical performance when normal TSH levels were reached


Assuntos
Humanos , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Função Cardíaca , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Teste de Esforço
6.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 60(8): 427-32, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23660007

RESUMO

AIM: To assess whether levothyroxine treatment improves functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association class i-iii) and subclinical hypothyroidism. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-three outpatients with stable chronic heart failure followed up for at least 6 months were enrolled. A physical examination was performed, and laboratory tests including thyroid hormone levels, Doppler echocardiogram, radionuclide ventriculography, and Holter monitoring were requested. Functional capacity was assessed by of the 6-min walk test. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were detected and, after undergoing the s6-min walk test, were given replacement therapy. When they reached normal thyrotropin (TSH) levels, the 6-min walk test was performed again. The distance walked in both tests was recorded, and the difference in meters covered by each patient was analyzed. RESULTS: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with heart failure was 13%. These patients walked 292±63m while they were hypothyroid and 350±76m when TSH levels returned to normal, a difference of 58±11m (P<.011). Patients with normal baseline TSH levels showed no significant difference between the 2 6-min walk tests. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic heart failure and subclinical hypothyroidism significantly improved their physical performance when normal TSH levels were reached.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Terapia de Reposição Hormonal , Hipotireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapêutico , Comorbidade , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Testes de Função Cardíaca , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Hipotireoidismo/sangue , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Tireotropina/sangue , Tiroxina/sangue , Tri-Iodotironina/sangue , Ultrassonografia , Caminhada
7.
Insuf. card ; 7(3): 102-108, set. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-657497

RESUMO

Introducción. Existe una alta prevalencia de disfunción renal en la población de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). El término síndrome cardiorrenal (SCR) define el proceso por el que la disfunción de uno de los órganos induce la disfunción del otro. El objetivo es evaluar si la presencia de SCR al ingreso hospitalario es un factor pronóstico de mala evolución intrahospitalaria (MEIH) en pacientes añosos internados por IC. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron en forma retrospectiva los pacientes de una población añosa internados desde Junio de 2009 a Marzo de 2011 en la Unidad Coronaria con diagnóstico de IC. Se separaron en 2 grupos: con SCR, definido como creatininemia mayor de 1,5 mg/dL y uremia mayor de 55 mg/dL, y sin SCR. Se consideró disfunción sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo (DSVI) a la fracción de eyección menor del 45%. Se analizaron los antecedentes, datos de ingreso y evolución intrahospitalaria. El punto final MEIH se definió como muerte intrahospitalaria, requerimiento de inotrópicos por más de 48 horas o la necesidad de asistencia respiratoria mecánica. La necesidad de diálisis o ultrafiltración no se incluyó en la MEIH para descartar una posible relación directa entre dicha complicación y el SCR. Los resultados se enuncian como media ± desvío estándar, las comparaciones se realizaron de acuerdo al tipo de variable y el análisis multivariado se llevó a cabo mediante regresión logística. Resultados. Se analizaron en total 196 pacientes (107 mujeres) con una edad de 78 ± 8,3 años, 45 con SCR (23%). Los pacientes con SCR presentaron una uremia de 125 ± 56 mg/dL y una creatininemia de 2,91 ± 2,0 mg/dL. A su vez, los 151 pacientes sin SCR tuvieron una uremia de 53 ± 23 mg/dL y una creatinina de 0,98 ± 0,29 mg/ dL. En el grupo con SCR, el 60% (27 pacientes) fueron hombres vs el 41% (62 pacientes) en el grupo sin SCR (p<0,03). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos con y sin SCR en los antecedentes de diabetes (31% vs 22%), hipertensión arterial (92% vs 86%), fibrilación auricular (38% vs 36%), infarto de miocardio previo (13% vs 11%), tabaquismo (10,5% vs 8,3%) y dislipidemia (40% vs 34%). Entre los pacientes con SCR, hubieron más antecedentes de anemia (47% vs 16%; p=0,0001) y menor hematocrito al ingreso (34% vs 38%; p<0,003). En tanto, no fueron significativas las diferencias entre los grupos con y sin SCR en los antecedentes de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) (16% vs 10%), en la frecuencia cardíaca al ingreso (90 ± 25 lpm vs 96± 26 lpm), en la presión arterial sistólica (151 ± 32 mm Hg vs 152 ± 34 mm Hg) y en la natremia (135 ± 7 mEq/L vs 136 mEq/L). Un total de 34 pacientes (17%) presentó MEIH, 15 en el grupo con SCR (33%) y 19 en el grupo sin SCR (13%), p=0,003. En el análisis multivariado, resultaron predictores independientes de MEIH la presencia de SCR (OR 2,89 1,23-6,79, p<0,02), la de EPOC (OR 4,88 1,63-14,56, p<0,005), la natremia (OR 0,93 0,87-0,99, p<0,03) y la frecuencia cardíaca (OR 0,98 0,96-0,99, p<0,04). La uremia y la creatininemia, que definen el SCR, fueron por su parte predictores independientes que tienden a cancelarse entre sí. Conclusión. En pacientes añosos internados por IC, el SCR, definido por la elevación simultánea de la uremia y la creatininemia, fue más frecuente en los hombres y se comportó como predictor independiente de MEIH, junto con el antecedente de EPOC, la hiponatremia y una menor frecuencia cardíaca. En tanto, el hematocrito, que se halló disminuido en el SCR, no se relacionó con la presencia de MEIH, como tampoco lo hicieron la edad avanzada ni la DSVI, tal como fuera definida en el estudio.


Background. There is a high prevalence of renal dysfunction in the population of patients with heart failure (HF). The term cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) defines the process by which a dysfunction of organs induces dysfunction of the other. The aim is to evaluate whether the presence of CRS at hospital admission is a predictor of worse in hospital outcome in elderly patients hospitalized with HF. Methods and material. Elderly patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit with a diagnosis of heart failure between June 2009 and March 2011 were selected to be included in this analysis. They were divided into two groups: with definitive CRS, defined as blood creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dL and blood urea more than 55 mg/dL and without CRS. An ejection fraction less than 45% by echocardiography (Simpson) was considered as significant systolic dysfunction. The previous patient's clinical history, condition on admittance and in hospital progress were analyzed. Worse hospital outcome (WHO) end points were defined as death, need for inotropic for more than 48 hours or the need for mechanical ventilation. The need for dialysis or ultra filtration was not considered to avoid a possible bias with that complication and CRS. The results are presented as the median ± standard deviation, the comparisons' were performed according to the type of variable and the multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression. Results. A total of 196 patients (107 women) with an average age of 78 ± 8.3 years were analyzed, 45 had CRS. Patients with CRS had a blood urea of 125 ± 56 mg/dl and a creatinine level of 2.91 ± 2.0 mg/dl. The 151 patients without CRS had a blood urea of 53 ± 23 mg/dl and a creatinine level of 0.98 ± 0.29 mg/dl. In the CRS 60% (27 patients) were men vs 41% (62 patients) in the group without CRS (p=0.03). There was no significant difference between both groups as far as diabetes (31% vs 22%), hypertension (92% vs 86%), atrial fibrillation (38% vs 36%), previous myocardial infarction (13% vs 11%), and smoking (10.5% vs 8.3%). In patients with CRS there were more with previous history of anemia and lower hematocrit at admittance (34% vs 38%, p=0.003). Whereas, there was no significant difference between the both groups in the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (16% vs 10%), heart rate at entry (90 ± 25 bpm vs 96 ± 26 bpm), arterial systolic pressure (151 ± 32 mm Hg vs 152 ± 34 mm Hg) and blood sodium (135 ± 7 mEq/L vs 136 mEq/L). A total of 34 patients (17%) meets the criteria of WHO, 15 in the group with CRS (33%) and 19 (13%) in the non CRS, p=0.003. In the multivariate analysis independent predictors of WHO were the presence of CRS (OR 2.891.23-6.79, p=0.02), COPD (OR 4.88 1.63-14.56, p=0.005), blood sodium (OR 0.93 0.87-0.99, p=0.03) and heart rate (OR 0.98 0.96-0.99, p=0.04). Although blood urea and creatinine define CRS and were independent predictors, they tended to cancel themselves out. Conclusion. In elderly patients hospitalized because of heart failure CRS, defined by simultaneous increase of blood urea and creatinine, was more frequent in males and was an independent predictor of worse outcome, as was also COPD, hyponatremia and lower heart rate. Whereas hematocrit, which was found to be low in CRS, was not related to worse development, neither was advanced age or systolic dysfunction as defined in this study.


Introdução. Existe uma alta prevalência de disfunção renal na população de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC). O termo síndrome cardio-renal (SCR) define o processo pelo qual uma disfunção de órgãos induz disfunção do outro. O objetivo é avaliar se a presença de SCR na admissão é um preditor de pior evolução intra-hospitalar (PEIH) em pacientes idosos hospitalizados por insuficiência cardíaca. Material e métodos. Retrospectivamente foram incluídos pacientes idosos hospitalizados entre Junho de 2009 a Março de 2011 na Unidade de Terapia Coronariana com diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca. Foram separados em dois grupos: com SCR, definida como creatinina sérica > 1,5 mg/dL e uremia > 55 mg/dL, e sem SCR. Considerou-se disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda (DSVE) para a fração de ejeção é inferior a 45%. Foram analisados os registros, entrada de dados e resultados hospital. O ponto final PEIH foi definido como morte intra-hospitalar, o uso de inotrópicos por mais de 48 horas ou a necessidade de ventilação mecânica. A necessidade de diálise ou ultrafiltração não foi incluída no PEIH para excluir uma relação direta entre esta complicação e SCR. Os resultados são expressos como média ± desvio padrão, as comparações foram feitas de acordo com o tipo de análise multivariada variável e foi realizada utilizando regressão logística. Resultados. Foram analisados de 196 pacientes (107 mulheres) com idades entre 78 ± 8,3 anos, 45 com SCR (23%). O PT apresentou com SCR uréia e creatinina 125 ± 56 2,91 ± 2,0. Por sua vez, os 151 pacientes com SCR sem uréia foi de 53 ± 23 e creatinina de 0,98 ± 0,29. No grupo com SCR 60% (27 pacientes) eram do sexo masculino, contra 41% (62 pacientes) no grupo sem SCR (p<0,03). Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos com e sem SCR na história do diabetes (31% vs 22%), hipertensão arterial (92% vs 86%), fibrilação atrial (38% vs 36%) infarto do miocárdio prévio (13% vs 11% ), tabagismo (10,5% vs 8,3%) e dislipidemia (40% vs 34%). Entre os pacientes com SCR tinha mais história de anemia (47% vs 16%, p=0,0001) e hematócrito abaixo de admissão (34% vs 38%, p<0,003). Entretanto, houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos com e sem SCR na história da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) (16% vs 10%), freqüência cardíaca no momento da admissão (90 ± 25 vs 96 ± 26), pressão arterial sistólica (151 ± 32 vs 152 ± 34) e sódio sérico (135 ± 7 vs 136). Um total de 34 pacientes (17%) teve MEIH, 15 no grupo com SCR (33%) e 19 no grupo sem SCR (13%), p=0,003. Na análise multivariada, os preditores independentes da PEIH foram a presença de SCR (OR 2,89 1,23-6,79, p<0,02), DPOC (OR 4,88 1,63-14,56, p<0,005), o sódio sérico (OR 0,93 0,87-0,99, p<0,03) e a freqüência cardíaca (OR 0,98 0,96-0,99, p<0,04). Á uréia e creatinina, que definem o SCR, foram preditores independentes, por sua vez tendem a anular-se mutuamente. Conclusão. Em pacientes idosos hospitalizados por insuficiência cardíaca, o SCR definido pela elevação simultânea de uréia e creatinina foi mais comum em homens e como um preditor independente de PEIH, juntamente com uma história de DPOC, hiponatremia e redução da freqüência cardíaca. Enquanto isso, o hematócrito foi encontrado diminuição no SCR, não relacionada com a presença de PEIH, e nem os idosos ou DSVE foi definida como no estudo.

8.
Insuf. card ; 7(3): 102-108, set. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-129341

RESUMO

Introducción. Existe una alta prevalencia de disfunción renal en la población de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). El término síndrome cardiorrenal (SCR) define el proceso por el que la disfunción de uno de los órganos induce la disfunción del otro. El objetivo es evaluar si la presencia de SCR al ingreso hospitalario es un factor pronóstico de mala evolución intrahospitalaria (MEIH) en pacientes añosos internados por IC. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron en forma retrospectiva los pacientes de una población añosa internados desde Junio de 2009 a Marzo de 2011 en la Unidad Coronaria con diagnóstico de IC. Se separaron en 2 grupos: con SCR, definido como creatininemia mayor de 1,5 mg/dL y uremia mayor de 55 mg/dL, y sin SCR. Se consideró disfunción sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo (DSVI) a la fracción de eyección menor del 45%. Se analizaron los antecedentes, datos de ingreso y evolución intrahospitalaria. El punto final MEIH se definió como muerte intrahospitalaria, requerimiento de inotrópicos por más de 48 horas o la necesidad de asistencia respiratoria mecánica. La necesidad de diálisis o ultrafiltración no se incluyó en la MEIH para descartar una posible relación directa entre dicha complicación y el SCR. Los resultados se enuncian como media ± desvío estándar, las comparaciones se realizaron de acuerdo al tipo de variable y el análisis multivariado se llevó a cabo mediante regresión logística. Resultados. Se analizaron en total 196 pacientes (107 mujeres) con una edad de 78 ± 8,3 años, 45 con SCR (23%). Los pacientes con SCR presentaron una uremia de 125 ± 56 mg/dL y una creatininemia de 2,91 ± 2,0 mg/dL. A su vez, los 151 pacientes sin SCR tuvieron una uremia de 53 ± 23 mg/dL y una creatinina de 0,98 ± 0,29 mg/ dL. En el grupo con SCR, el 60% (27 pacientes) fueron hombres vs el 41% (62 pacientes) en el grupo sin SCR (p<0,03). No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos con y sin SCR en los antecedentes de diabetes (31% vs 22%), hipertensión arterial (92% vs 86%), fibrilación auricular (38% vs 36%), infarto de miocardio previo (13% vs 11%), tabaquismo (10,5% vs 8,3%) y dislipidemia (40% vs 34%). Entre los pacientes con SCR, hubieron más antecedentes de anemia (47% vs 16%; p=0,0001) y menor hematocrito al ingreso (34% vs 38%; p<0,003). En tanto, no fueron significativas las diferencias entre los grupos con y sin SCR en los antecedentes de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) (16% vs 10%), en la frecuencia cardíaca al ingreso (90 ± 25 lpm vs 96± 26 lpm), en la presión arterial sistólica (151 ± 32 mm Hg vs 152 ± 34 mm Hg) y en la natremia (135 ± 7 mEq/L vs 136 mEq/L). Un total de 34 pacientes (17%) presentó MEIH, 15 en el grupo con SCR (33%) y 19 en el grupo sin SCR (13%), p=0,003. En el análisis multivariado, resultaron predictores independientes de MEIH la presencia de SCR (OR 2,89 1,23-6,79, p<0,02), la de EPOC (OR 4,88 1,63-14,56, p<0,005), la natremia (OR 0,93 0,87-0,99, p<0,03) y la frecuencia cardíaca (OR 0,98 0,96-0,99, p<0,04). La uremia y la creatininemia, que definen el SCR, fueron por su parte predictores independientes que tienden a cancelarse entre sí. Conclusión. En pacientes añosos internados por IC, el SCR, definido por la elevación simultánea de la uremia y la creatininemia, fue más frecuente en los hombres y se comportó como predictor independiente de MEIH, junto con el antecedente de EPOC, la hiponatremia y una menor frecuencia cardíaca. En tanto, el hematocrito, que se halló disminuido en el SCR, no se relacionó con la presencia de MEIH, como tampoco lo hicieron la edad avanzada ni la DSVI, tal como fuera definida en el estudio.(AU)


Background. There is a high prevalence of renal dysfunction in the population of patients with heart failure (HF). The term cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) defines the process by which a dysfunction of organs induces dysfunction of the other. The aim is to evaluate whether the presence of CRS at hospital admission is a predictor of worse in hospital outcome in elderly patients hospitalized with HF. Methods and material. Elderly patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit with a diagnosis of heart failure between June 2009 and March 2011 were selected to be included in this analysis. They were divided into two groups: with definitive CRS, defined as blood creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dL and blood urea more than 55 mg/dL and without CRS. An ejection fraction less than 45% by echocardiography (Simpson) was considered as significant systolic dysfunction. The previous patients clinical history, condition on admittance and in hospital progress were analyzed. Worse hospital outcome (WHO) end points were defined as death, need for inotropic for more than 48 hours or the need for mechanical ventilation. The need for dialysis or ultra filtration was not considered to avoid a possible bias with that complication and CRS. The results are presented as the median ± standard deviation, the comparisons were performed according to the type of variable and the multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression. Results. A total of 196 patients (107 women) with an average age of 78 ± 8.3 years were analyzed, 45 had CRS. Patients with CRS had a blood urea of 125 ± 56 mg/dl and a creatinine level of 2.91 ± 2.0 mg/dl. The 151 patients without CRS had a blood urea of 53 ± 23 mg/dl and a creatinine level of 0.98 ± 0.29 mg/dl. In the CRS 60% (27 patients) were men vs 41% (62 patients) in the group without CRS (p=0.03). There was no significant difference between both groups as far as diabetes (31% vs 22%), hypertension (92% vs 86%), atrial fibrillation (38% vs 36%), previous myocardial infarction (13% vs 11%), and smoking (10.5% vs 8.3%). In patients with CRS there were more with previous history of anemia and lower hematocrit at admittance (34% vs 38%, p=0.003). Whereas, there was no significant difference between the both groups in the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (16% vs 10%), heart rate at entry (90 ± 25 bpm vs 96 ± 26 bpm), arterial systolic pressure (151 ± 32 mm Hg vs 152 ± 34 mm Hg) and blood sodium (135 ± 7 mEq/L vs 136 mEq/L). A total of 34 patients (17%) meets the criteria of WHO, 15 in the group with CRS (33%) and 19 (13%) in the non CRS, p=0.003. In the multivariate analysis

9.
Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam ; 42(1): 20-6, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22616493

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome related to insulin resistance. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is mainly produced by hepatocytes and its secretion is stimulated by growth hormone. Our aim was to assess possible changes in IGF-1 levels in patients with different ultrasonography stages of NAFLD and its association with hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, non-insulin dependant type 2 diabetes, waist circumference, obesity and arterial hypertension. METHODS: One hundred and ten consecutive patients were evaluated. RESULTS: IGF-1 levels decreased as liver steatosis worsened. There was a statistically significant difference between mild-moderate steatosis on one hand, and severe steatosis on the other (142 vs. 110, P < 0.05). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) and insulin levels showed a tendency to inverse association with IGF-1, but it was not statistically significant. HOMA significantly increased in severe liver steatosis when compared with mild-moderate steatosis (6.20 vs. 3.99, P < 0.05). Insulin levels also showed a significant increase (3.01 +/- 0.61 vs. 2.59 +/- 0.56, P < 0.05). Body mass index showed a significant inverse correlation with IGF-1 level (r = -0.19, P < 0.05) and a tendency to increase as liver steatosis worsened. Waist circumference increased significantly as liver steatosis worsened (severe vs. mild-moderate: 114 vs. 100, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IGF-1 levels showed a decrease as liver steatosis worsened. This difference was statistically significant between mild-moderate and severe stetaosis. Inverse correlation between IGF-1 levels and BMI was also statistically significant. There was no statistically significant correlation between IGF-1 levels and HOMA and insulin levels.


Assuntos
Fígado Gorduroso/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Fígado Gorduroso/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
10.
Multimed ; 16(S-1)2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-57182

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, de intervención comunitaria, en el consejo popular 12 de Manzanillo, localizado en la comunidad de San Francisco, para describir el comportamiento de las afecciones vasculares periféricas en los pacientes diabéticos y evaluar el efecto del tratamiento preventivo en los mismos. Se escogieron 57 pacientes que reunían las condiciones según criterio de inclusión y exclusión, se les aplicaron en un período de 2 años: entrevistas, encuestas, cuestionario, y se trazó una estrategia de orientación para la promoción y educación para la salud, se dieron charlas, conversatorios y conferencias. El 71.92 por ciento de los pacientes presentaban afecciones vasculares periféricas, el 54.38 por ciento eran obesos, solo el 10.52 por ciento presentaban una educación diabetológica buena al inicio del estudio. Al final del estudio se lograron cambios, aumentando el nivel de conocimientos y mejoría clínica de los pacientes. La educación diabetológica clasificada como buena, fue de un 29.82 por ciento así como la mejoría general de los pacientes de un 56.09 por ciento. Concluimos que los pacientes diabéticos con el aumento de la edad presentaron una mayor predisposición a padecer afecciones vasculares periféricas. Los pacientes no poseen un adecuado nivel de conocimiento sobre su enfermedad por lo que se plantea la necesidad de continuar aumentando el horizonte de conocimientos de estos pacientes acerca de su enfermedad y las complicaciones(AU)


A longitudinal study of Community intervention occurred in the popular Council 12 of Manzanillo, located in the community of San Francisco in order to describe the behavior of peripheral vascular disorders in diabetic patients and to evaluate the effect of the preventive treatment in them. There were chosen 57 patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and there were applied within a period of 2 years: interviews, surveys, questionnaires, and it was performed a guidance strategy for health education and its promotion. Lectures, talks and conferences were developed. The 71.92 percent of patients had peripheral vascular disorders, the 54.38 percent were obese, only the 10.52 percent had a good diabetes education at the beginning of the study. At the end of the study there were obtained changes, increasing the level of knowledge and clinical improvement in patients. The diabetes education classified as good, was about 29.82 percent as well as the overall improvement of the patients was about 56.09 percent. We concluded that diabetic patients with the increase in the age presented a greater predisposition to suffer from peripheral vascular conditions. Patients do not have an adequate level of knowledge about their disease, for this reason it is necessary to continue increasing the horizon of knowledge of these patients about their illness and complications(EU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas , Angiopatias Diabéticas , Estudos Longitudinais
11.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 79(2): 139-147, mar.-abr. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-634251

RESUMO

Introducción La ateromatosis carotídea es una alteración temprana de la aterosclerosis subclínica que puede determinarse en forma rápida, económica, repetible y no invasiva. Su correlación anatómica y su asociación con los factores de riesgo y diferentes manifestaciones de aterosclerosis avanzada se han demostrado claramente. En la actualidad, la ateromatosis carotídea se utiliza con frecuencia creciente para caracterizar al paciente con factores de riesgo y para evaluar resultados terapéuticos mediante la determinación del grosor íntima-media carotídeo y de la presencia y el tipo de placas bulbares, ya que se ha demostrado su valor predictivo independiente para eventos isquémicos tanto coronarios como cerebrovasculares. Objetivos Determinar si la presencia y el tipo de placa carotídea (PC) agregan información para predecir futuros eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes de riesgo alto. Material y métodos Se estudiaron 502 pacientes de riesgo alto (múltiples factores de riesgo o antecedente de evento vascular) mediante la determinación del grosor íntima-media máximo (GIMmáx), la presencia (elevación localizada) y el tipo de PC según apariencia ecográfica (fibrocálcica o fibrolipídica), la reactividad humeral dependiente del endotelio (RDE, valor basal arteria humeral vs. a los 5 min de isquemia braquial). Se consideró anormalidad la presencia y el tipo de PC, el GIMmáx > 1,1 mm y la RDE < 5%. Los puntos finales incluyeron la ocurrencia de eventos vasculares o de muerte. Los marcadores de enfermedad vascular se analizaron junto con factores de riesgo (FR) clásicos (edad, diabetes, hipertensión, dislipidemia, tabaquismo y componentes del síndrome metabólico) por el método de riesgos proporcionales de Cox y curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados Edad media 65,5 ± 8,8 años, 354 hombres, 43 eventos durante un seguimiento promedio de 21 meses. Fueron predictores de eventos la PC (RR 5,6; p < 0,001), la dislipidemia (RR 5,5; p < 0,005), el GIMmáx (RR 3,2; p < 0,005), la edad > 65 años (RR 2,7; p < 0,003), la hipertensión sistólica (RR 2,5; p < 0,025), el C-HDL < 50 mg/dl (RR 2,4; p < 0,01), el síndrome metabólico (RR 2,2; p < 0,02), la trigliceridemia > 130 mg/dl (RR 2,1; p < 0,02). Ajustado por los FR, el predictor más potente resultó la PC (RR 3,13; p < 0,05). Los individuos sin PC presentaron un 2,3% de eventos, con PC fibrolipídica un 8,8% y con PC fibrocálcica un 13,4% (p < 0,001). Conclusiones Marcadores de enfermedad vascular temprana, como la presencia y el tipo de PC y el GIMmáx, agregan información pronóstica independiente a los FR. La RDE no agregó información en este grupo. Una metodología simplificada de estudio no invasivo como la empleada puede ser de utilidad clínica en la evaluación del riesgo de eventos vasculares.


Background Carotid atheromatosis is an early manifestation of subclinical atherosclerosis that can be determined in a rapid, economic, repeatable and non-invasive fashion. The anatomic correlation and its association with risk factors and different manifestations of advanced atherosclerosis have been clearly demonstrated. The determination of the intima-media thickness and the presence and type of plaques in the carotid bulb are used to assess carotid atheromatosis in patients with risk factors and to evaluate response to treatment, as this method has an independent predictive value for ischemic coronary and cerebrovascular ischemic events. Objectives To determine whether the presence and type of carotid plaques (CPs) add any information to predict future cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. Material and Methods A total of 502 high-risk patients (with multiple risk factors or history of vascular event) underwent ultrasound evaluation of maximum intima-media thickness (IMTmax), presence (localized protrusion of the vessel wall) and type of (fibrocalcific plaque or fibrolipid plaque) CP, flow mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD, brachial artery diameter recorded at baseline and after 5 minutes of brachial ischemia). The following variables were considered abnormal: presence and type of CP, IMTmax >1.1 and FMD <5%. Endpoints included vascular events or mortality. Markers of vascular disease and traditional risk factors (RFs) (age, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipemia, smoking habits and components of the metabolic syndrome) were analyzed together using Cox proportional-hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Mean age was 65.5±8.8 years and 354 were men; 43 events occurred during an average follow-up of 21 months. The presence of CP (RR 5,6; p <0.001), dyslipemia (RR 5.5; p <0.005), IMTmax (RR 3.2; p <0.005), age > 65 years (RR 2.7; p <0.003), systolic hypertension (RR 2.5; p <0.025), HDL-C <50 mg/dl (RR 2.4; p <0.01), metabolic syndrome (RR 2.2; p <0.02), and triglyceride levels >130 mg/dl (RR 2.1; p <0.02) were predictors of events. After adjusting for RFs, PC was the most powerful predictor (RR 3.13; p <0.05). The incidence of events was 2.3% in the absence of CP, 8.8% with fibrolipid plaque, and 13.4% with fibrocalcific plaque p <0.001). Conclusions The presence and type of CP anf IMTmax are markers of early vascular disease providing prognostic information independent of RFs. FMD did not provide additional information in this group. This simple, non-invasive method may be clinically useful in the evaluation of the risk of vascular events.

12.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 78(4): 308-314, jul.-ago. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-634186

RESUMO

Antecedentes Los agentes inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa 5, como el sildenafil, son vasodilatadores moderados ampliamente utilizados para el tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil. En la actualidad, la evidencia disponible establece su potencial aplicación en otras patologías, como la hipertensión pulmonar, la disfunción endotelial y la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica. Objetivo El presente estudio fue diseñado para comprobar si la administración de sildenafil en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica en clase funcional II-III mejora la capacidad de ejercicio en comparación con placebo. Material y métodos Se seleccionaron en forma aleatoria 70 pacientes portadores de insuficiencia cardíaca crónica de cualquier etiología, excepto valvulares, todos con tratamiento óptimo. Para su inclusión en el estudio, los pacientes debían tener un diámetro diastólico ventricular izquierdo > 55 mm, una fracción de eyección < 35% y una presión arterial sistólica > 90 mm Hg. Se excluyeron los que se encontraban anémicos, aquellos con indicación de cirugía por cualquier causa o los que por diversos motivos no pudieran realizar una caminata de seis minutos. Luego de una caminata de seis minutos fueron aleatorizados para recibir 50 mg de sildenafil o placebo, conformándose dos grupos, placebo y sildenafil, ambos con 35 participantes. Luego de 1 hora de la ingestión de las drogas se realizó una nueva caminata de seis minutos. Antes y después de cada caminata se controlaron las siguientes variables: presión arterial sistólica, diastólica y frecuencia cardíaca; se registraron también los metros caminados en cada prueba. Resultados Características generales, grupo placebo versus grupo sildenafil: hombres: 74% vs 88%, etiología isquémico-necrótica: 71% vs 77%, clase funcional II: 37% vs 34%, clase funcional III: 63% vs 66%, edad: 68 ± 10 vs 68 ± 12 años, fracción de eyección: 26,5% ± 7,8% vs 26,5% ± 6,5%, diámetro diastólico ventricular izquierdo: 65 ± 6 vs 66 ± 9 mm (todas p = ns). Las variables del grupo placebo versus sildenafil antes de la primera caminata fueron: presión arterial sistólica: 115 ± 15 vs 115 ± 21 mm Hg y diastólica: 71 ± 10,5 vs 68 ± 13 mm Hg (ambas p = ns) y frecuencia cardíaca: 74 ± 13 vs 64 ± 6 (p < 0,001). Luego de la primera caminata y antes de la administración de las drogas: presión arterial sistólica: 126 ± 20 vs 133 ± 26 mm Hg, diastólica: 68 ± 11 vs 72 ± 15 mm Hg y frecuencia cardíaca 84 ± 2 vs 80 ± 9 (todas p = ns). Antes de la segunda caminata y luego de la administración de las drogas, grupo placebo versus sildenafil: presión arterial sistólica: 112 ± 14 vs 95 ± 18 mm Hg, diastólica: 69 ± 8 vs 57 ± 12 mm Hg (ambas p < 0,001) y frecuencia cardíaca: 73 ± 11 vs 75 ± 10 (p = ns). Finalmente, luego de la segunda caminata, presión arterial sistólica: 123 ± 17 vs 115 ± 26 mm Hg (p < 0,05), diastólica: 65 ± 7 vs 60 ± 12 mm Hg (p < 0,02) y frecuencia cardíaca: 84 ± 13 vs 86 ± 12 (p = ns). Cuatro pacientes (11%) en el grupo sildenafil presentaron cefalea y ninguno en el grupo placebo. No se registraron eventos mayores. El grupo sildenafil caminó 222 ± 69 metros antes y 313 ± 76 luego de la administración de la droga; la diferencia en metros fue de 91 ± 19. El grupo placebo caminó 233 ± 67 metros antes y 242 ± 67 luego de la administración de la droga; la diferencia en metros fue de 9 ± 5. Al comparar estos resultados, la diferencia en metros recorridos resultó significativa a favor del grupo sildenafil: 91 ± 19 vs 9 ± 5 (p < 0,0001). Conclusiones En pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca en clase funcional II-III bajo tratamiento óptimo, el sildenafil mejoró la capacidad de ejercicio en comparación con placebo.


Background Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, as sildenafil, are moderate vasodilators widely used for erectile dysfunction. The evidence currently available establishes that they are potentially useful to treat other conditions like pulmonary hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and chronic heart failure. Objective To evaluate whether sildenafil is useful to improve exercise capacity compared to placebo in patients with chronic heart failure in functional class II-III. Material and Methods A total of 70 patients with chronic heart failure of any etiology, excluding valvular heart disease, were randomly selected. All patients were receiving optimal medical treatment. Patients were included if they had a left ventricular-diastolic diameter of 55 mm, an ejection fraction <35% systolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg. Patients with anemia, an indication of surgery due to any cause, and those unable to undergo a 6-minute walk test were excluded from the study. After the 6-minute walk test, the patients were randomly assigned to receive 50 mg of sildenafil (sildenafil group) or placebo (placebo group); each group had 35 patients. A second 6-minute walk test was performed 1 hour after the drug was administered. The following variables were evaluated before and after each test: systolic blood pressure, heart rate and the distance walked in meters in each test. Results General characteristic, placebo group versus sildenafil group: men: 74% vs. 88%, ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: 71% vs. 77%, functional class II: 37% vs. 34%, functional class III: 63% vs. 66%, age: 68±10 vs. 68±12 years, ejection fraction: 26.5%±7.8% vs. 26.5%±6.5%, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter: 65±6 vs. 66±9 mm (all p = ns). Before the fírst 6-minute walk test, the following variables were measured in the placebo versus the sildenafil group: systolic blood pressure: 115±15 vs. 115±21 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure: 71±10.5 vs. 68±13 mm Hg (both p = ns); heart rate: 74±13 vs. 64±6 (p <0.001). After the first test and before drug administration: systolic blood pressure: 126±20 vs. 133±26 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure: 68±11 vs. 72±15 mm Hg; heart rate 84±2 vs. 80±9 (all p = ns). Before the second test and after drug administration, placebo versus sildenafil: systolic blood pressure: 112±14 vs. 95±18 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure: 69±8 vs. 57±12 mm Hg (both p <0.001); heart rate: 73±llvs. 75±10 (p = ns). Finally after the second walk test: systolic blood pressure: 123±17 vs. 115±26 mm Hg (p <0.05), diastolic blood pressure: 65±7 vs. 60±12 mm Hg (p <0.02) and heart rate: 84±13 vs. 86±12 (p = ns). The incidence of headache was 11% (4 patients) in the sildenafil group and 0% in the placebo group. No major events were reported. The sildenafil group walked 222±69 and 313±76 meters before and after drug administration, respectively; the difference was 91±19 meters. The placebo group walked 233±67 and 242±67 meters before and after drug administration, respectively; the difference was 9±5 meters. The difference in the distance walked was greater in the sildenafil group: 91±19 vs. 9±5 (p <0.0001). Conclusions In patients with heart failure in functional class II-III under optimal medical therapy, sildenafil improved exercise capacity compared to placebo.

13.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 78(3): 215-221, mayo-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-634169

RESUMO

Introducción La presión del pulso depende en gran medida de la rigidez arterial. Varios estudios se han centrado en el hecho de que diversos factores, entre ellos el síndrome metabólico o sus componentes, intermedian cambios que afectan en forma adversa las propiedades elásticas de las grandes arterias, acentuando su rigidez. Objetivo El propósito de este trabajo de investigación fue evaluar la influencia del síndrome metabólico y sus componentes sobre la presión del pulso en personas sin enfermedad aparente. Material y métodos Se seleccionaron al azar 1.155 individuos sin enfermedad demostrable. Se registraron las variables que definen el síndrome metabólico (ATP III): en mg/dl y en ayunas, colesterol HDL ≤ 40/50 (hombres/mujeres), triglicéridos ≥ 150, glucemia ≥ 100, perímetro de la cintura (cm) ≥ 102/88 (hombres/mujeres) y presión arterial sistólica/diastólica ≥ 130/85 mm Hg. Se compararon los valores de la presión del pulso obtenidos al agrupar a los participantes por sexo y edad. Se estableció la frecuencia de los factores que definen el síndrome metabólico y mediante regresión lineal se ajustó la presión del pulso por sexo, edad y por el conjunto de ellos. A continuación se determinó el valor ajustado de la presión del pulso correspondiente a cada factor del síndrome metabólico y se comparó con el de sujetos normales. Finalmente, se calculó la presión del pulso ajustada de acuerdo con las posibles combinaciones de tres o más factores (criterio diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico) y se comparó con la de individuos en los que no se hallaba presente ningún componente del síndrome. Resultados Características generales de los 1.155 individuos: hombres 62%, edad 38 ± 9 años (rango 20-66), perímetro de la cintura 89 ± 13 cm, triglicéridos 107 ± 74 mg/dl, glucemia 82 ± 16 mg/dl, colesterol HDL 48 ± 13 mg/dl, presión arterial sistólica 124 ± 14 mm Hg, diastólica 78 ± 9 mm Hg, presión del pulso 46 ± 9 mm Hg. Edad: 38 ± 9 años los hombres (n = 712) y 37 ± 9 años las mujeres (n = 443); p = ns. La presión del pulso fue de 48 ± 8 mm Hg en los hombres versus 43 ± 9 mm Hg en las mujeres; p < 0,001. Efecto de la edad sobre la presión del pulso: 45 ± 8 en individuos < 35 años versus 47 ± 9 en ≥ 35 años; p <0,001. Frecuencia de los distintos elementos que definen el síndrome metabólico: perímetro de la cintura ≥ 102/88 cm: 18%, glucemia ≥ 100 mg/dl: 7%, triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/dl: 17%, colesterol HDL ≤ 40/50 mg/dl: 45%, presión arterial sistólica≥ 130 mm Hg: 40%, diastólica ≥ 85 mm Hg: 16%. Al comparar la presión del pulso ajustada delimitada por cada factor del síndrome metabólico con la de los controles se obtuvo: perímetro de la cintura ≥ 102/88 cm: 48 ± 4 versus 46 ± 3, glucemia ≥ 100 mg/dl: 52 ± 5 versus 46 ± 3, triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/dl: 48 ± 3 versus 46 ± 4, colesterol HDL ≤ 40/50 mg/dl: 44± 3 versus 47 ± 3; presión arterial sistólica ≥ 130 mm Hg: 48 ± 4 versus 45 ± 3; diastólica ≥ 85 mm Hg: 48 ± 5 versus 46 ± 3, todas p < 0,001. Por último, se comprobó la presión del pulso ajustada de acuerdo con las posibles combinaciones de tres o más factores y se comparó con la de individuos en los que no se hallaba presente ningún componente del síndrome metabólico; el resultado fue 49 ± 5 versus 46 ± 3, p < 0,001. Conclusiones El síndrome metabólico y/o sus componentes individuales inducen una elevación de la presión del pulso, a excepción del colesterol HDL. Este efecto parece ser independiente de la edad, del sexo y de la eventual interacción entre las variables analizadas.


Background Pulse pressure depends mostly on arterial wall stiffness. Several studies have focused on the fact that many factors, including the metabolic syndrome or its components, interact to impact on great vessels elastic properties, increasing arterial wall stiffness. Objective To evaluate the influence of the metabolic syndrome and its components on pulse pressure in persons without any apparent disease. Material and Methods A total of 1.155 subjects without demonstrable disease were randomly selected. The metabolic variables defining metabolic syndrome (ATP III) were recorded: fasting HDL-cholesterol ≤40/50 mg/dl (men/women), fasting triglycerides≥150 mg/dl, fasting glycemia ≥100 mg/dl, waist circumference ≥102/88 cm (men/women) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg. Patients' pulse pressure values were compared among different groups according to gender and age. The frequency of the metabolic syndrome components was determined and pulse pressure was adjusted by gender, age and all the components using multiple linear regression analysis. The adjusted value of pulse pressure corresponding to each metabolic syndrome component was determined and compared to that of normal subjects. Finally, adjusted pulse pressure was calculated according to the possible combinations of three factors or greater (diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome) and was compared with that of individuals without any component of the metabolic syndrome. Results General characteristics of the 1.155 individuals: men 62%, age 38±9 years (range 20-66), waist circumference 89±13 cm, triglycerides 107±74 mg/dl, glycemia 82±16 mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol 48±13 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure 124±14 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 78±9 mm Hg, pulse pressure 46±9 mm Hg. Age: 38±9 years in men (n=712) and 37±9 years in women (n=443); p=ns. Pulse pressure was 48±8 mm Hg in men versus 43±9 mm Hg in women; p<0.001. Influence of age on pulse pressure: 45±8 in individuals <35 years versus 47±9 in ≥35 years; p<0.001. Frequency of metabolic syn- drome components: waist circumference ≥102/88 cm: 18%, glycemia ≥100 mg/dl: 7%, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl: 17%, HDL-cholesterol ≤40/50 mg/dl: 45%, systolic blood pressure≥130 mm Hg: 40%, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg: 16%. When pulse pressure adjusted by each component of the metabolic syndrome was compared to that of controls, the following values were obtained: waist circumference≥102/88 cm: 48±4 versus 46±3, glycemia ≥100 mg/dl: 52±5 versus 46±3, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl: 48±3 versus 46±4, HDL-cholesterol ≤40/50 mg/dl: 44±3 versus 47±3; systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg: 48±4 versus 45±3; diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg: 48±5 versus 46±3, all p<0.001. Finally, adjusted pulse pressure according to the possible combinations of three factors or greater was calculated and compared with that of individuals without any component of the metabolic syndrome: 49±5 versus 46±3, p<0,001. Conclusions The metabolic syndrome and/or its components induce pulse pressure elevation, except for HDL-cholesterol. This effect seems to be independent of age, gender and the eventual interaction of the variables analyzed.

14.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 77(4): 274-279, jul.-ago. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-634096

RESUMO

Introducción La hipertensión arterial con frecuencia coexiste con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, principalmente obesidad y dislipidemia; ésta es una conexión que eleva el riesgo, especialmente en los pacientes que ya tienen enfermedad cardiovascular, y por ello su identificación y control son esenciales para el manejo global de los pacientes hipertensos. Objetivos Evaluar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial según los distintos componentes del síndrome metabólico y establecer su vínculo con ellos. Material y métodos Se incluyeron 975 individuos (37 ± 9 años, 62% hombres) sin enfermedad demostrable. Se registraron las variables que conforme al sexo definen el síndrome metabólico (ATPIIIIDF): perímetro de cintura ³ 102/88 cm, lipoproteínas de alta densidad £ 40/50 mg/dl, glucemia ³ 100 mg/dl y triglicéridos ³ 150 mg/dl. Se agruparon a los participantes por sexo y se clasificaron en hipertensos (JNC 7), con tensión arterial ³ 140/90 mm Hg, y en no hipertensos o controles. Se estableció la frecuencia de cada elemento del síndrome metabólico entre hipertensos y se determinó la prevalencia de hipertensión según cada componente. Resultados Entre los hombres de la población en estudio se hallaron 114 hipertensos que se compararon con 495 controles: edad: 42 ± 10 versus 36 ± 9 años, perímetro de cintura ³ 102 cm: 31% versus 15%, triglicéridos ³ 150 mg/dl: 33% versus 20%, glucemia ³ 100 mg/dl: 30% versus 4%; todas p < 0,001. Entre las mujeres hubo 35 hipertensas que se confrontaron con 331 no hipertensas: edad 43 ± 9 versus 35 ± 8 años y perímetro de cintura ³ 88 cm: 49% versus 15%; ambas, p < 0,001. La prevalencia de hipertensión entre hombres fue: del 19% general, del 32% con perímetro de cintura ³ 102, del 28% con triglicéridos ³ 150, del 63% con glucemia ³ 100; todas p < 0,03 versus general. En las mujeres, la prevalencia de hipertensión fue: del 11% general, del 25% con perímetro de cintura ³ 88; p < 0,0008. El análisis multivariado demostró que la edad, la glucemia ³ 100 mg/dl, los triglicéridos ³ 150 mg/dl y el perímetro de cintura ³ 102/88 cm son predictores independientes de hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones Los componentes del síndrome metabólico son más frecuentes entre los hipertensos. Además, particularmente en los hombres, determinan una prevalencia mayor de hipertensión arterial.


Background Hypertension coexists with other cardiovascular risk factors, especially obesity and dyslipemia; this association increases the risk particularly in patients with established heart disease. For this reason, the identification and control of these factors is essential for the global management of hypertensive patients. Objectives To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its association with the different components of the metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods We included 975 subjects (37±9 years, 62% were men) without demonstrable heart disease. Metabolic syndrome variables were those defined by the ATP III-IDF according to gender: waist circumference ³102/88 cm, LDL-cholesterol level £40/50 mg/dl, glucose blood level and triglycerides ³150 mg/dl. Subjects were grouped by gender and classified as hypertensive (JNC 7), with blood pressure ³140/90 mm Hg, non hypertensive and controls. The frequency of each variable of the metabolic syndrome was established in hypertensive subjects and the prevalence of hypertension was determined for each variable. Results There were 114 hypertensive men that were compared to 495 controls: age: 42±10 versus 36±9 years, waist circumference ³102 cm: 31% versus 15%, triglycerides ³150 mg/dl: 33% versus 20%, glycemia ³100 mg/dl: 30% versus 4%; p<0.001 for all the variables. We found 35 women with hypertension that were compared to 331 non-hypertensive women: age 43±9 versus 35±8 years, and waist circumference ³88 cm: 49% versus 15%; both, p<0.001. The prevalence of hypertension among all men was 19%; 32% in those with a waist circumference of ³102; 28% with triglycerides ³150; 63% with glycemia of ³100; p<0.03 for all versus general. Among all women, the prevalence of hypertension was 11%, 25% in those with a waist circumference of ³88; p<0.0008. Multivariate analysis showed that age, glucose blood levels ³100 mg/dl, triglycerides ³150 mg/dl and a waist circumference ³102/88 cm are independent predictors of hypertension. Conclusions The components of the metabolic syndrome are more frequent among subjects with hypertension. In addition, they determine a greater prevalence of hypertension, particularly in men.

15.
Buenos Aires; Prensa Médica Argentina; mayo 2008. 360 p.
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-598836
16.
Buenos Aires; Prensa Médica Argentina; may 2008. 360 p. (126845).
Monografia em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-126845
17.
Adv Cardiol ; 45: 17-43, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18230954

RESUMO

The endothelium is the common target of all cardiovascular risk factors, and functional impairment of the vascular endothelium in response to injury occurs long before the development of visible atherosclerosis. The endothelial cell behaves as a receptor-effector structure which senses different physical or chemical stimuli that occur inside the vessel and, therefore, modifies the vessel shape or releases the necessary products to counteract the effect of the stimulus and maintain homeostasis. The endothelium is capable of producing a large variety of different molecules which act as agonists and antagonists, therefore balancing their effects in opposite directions. When endothelial cells lose their ability to maintain this delicate balance, the conditions are given for the endothelium to be invaded by lipids and leukocytes (monocytes and T lymphocytes). The inflammatory response is incited and fatty streaks appear, the first step in the formation of the atheromatous plaque. If the situation persists, fatty streaks progress and the resultant plaques are exposed to rupture and set the conditions for thrombogenesis and vascular occlusion. Oxidant products are produced as a consequence of normal aerobic metabolism. These molecules are highly reactive with other biological molecules and are referred as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal physiological conditions, ROS production is balanced by an efficient system of antioxidants, molecules that are capable of neutralizing them and thereby preventing oxidant damage. In pathological states, ROS may be present in relative excess. This shift of balance in favor of oxidation, termed 'oxidative stress', may have detrimental effects on cellular and tissue function, and cardiovascular risk factors generate oxidative stress. Both type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients have mostly been described under enhanced oxidative stress, and both conditions are known to be powerful and independent risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Hyperglycemia causes glycosylation of proteins and phospholipids, thus increasing intracellular oxidative stress. Nonenzymatic reactive products, glucose-derived Schiff base, and Amadori products form chemically reversible early glycosylation products which subsequently rearrange to form more stable products, some of them long-lived proteins (collagen) which continue undergoing complex series of chemical rearrangements to form advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). Once formed, AGEs are stable and virtually irreversible. AGEs generate ROS with consequent increased vessel oxidative damage and atherogenesis. The impressive correlation between coronary artery disease and alterations in glucose metabolism has raised the hypothesis that atherosclerosis and diabetes may share common antecedents. Large-vessel atherosclerosis can precede the development of diabetes, suggesting that rather than atherosclerosis being a complication of diabetes, both conditions may share genetic and environmental antecedents, a 'common soil'.


Assuntos
Angiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/fisiologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/fisiopatologia , Citoesqueleto/fisiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia
18.
Prensa méd. argent ; 94(2): 118-123, 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-491477

RESUMO

El síndrome de preexcitación tiene una larga e interesante historia, esta anormalidad electrocardiográfica fue descripta por Wolff-Parkinson-White y una conexión AV accesoria resulta ser su sustrato anatómico. Sin embargo, aun después de la documentación de estas vías accesorias, la búsqueda de mecanismos alternativos para explicar la preexcitación continuó. Finalmente, el estudio electrofisiológico y la terapia quirúrgica o ablativa confirmó la teoría. Las distintas publicaciones hacen referencia a disímiles frecuencias de presentación, dependiendo particularmente de la población de estudio.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Nó Atrioventricular , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White/diagnóstico , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/patologia , Saúde
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